Miasis por Cochliomyia hominivorax en la Argentina / Myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax in Argentina

Miasis es la infestación de humanos y animales por larvas de dípteros ciclorrafos con invasión y destrucción tisular. Cochliomyia hominivorax es responsable del 80% de las miasis en la Argentina. Es importante realizar el diagnóstico etiológico específico debido a la agresividad de las larvas de esta especie, las que pueden provocar cuadros clínicos graves. Presentamos cuatro casos de miasis por C. hominivorax. Dos de los pacientes residían en la ciudad de Buenos Aires y trabajan en zona rural, y los otros dos residían en el Gran Buenos Aires.

Miasis is the infestation of man and animals by larvae of flies belonging to the order Diptera, suborder Cyclorrapha. Eighty percent of miasis in Argentina is caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax, a species that induces pronounced tissue invasion and destruction, and results in severe clinical forms. Because of the aggressiveness of its larvae, it is important to reach a specific etiological diagnosis. We present four cases of miasis by C. hominivorax in two patients living in the city of Buenos Aires but working in a rural area and two patients living in the Greater Buenos Aires.

Otomyiasis: Systematic Review

Abstract Introduction Myiasis is a disease causedby fly larvae that growinthetissues of animals and humans. It can cause a variety of local symptoms, like erythema or pain, depending on its location, and generalized symptomatology, such as fever andmalaise.Myiasis can generate severe complications, for instance sepsis, or directly impact vital tissues. Its management varies depending on the location, and on the preferences of the doctor that faces this challenge. Myiasis usually occurs in tropical countries, and, in many places, it is not a rare condition. The cases are rarely reported, and there are no publishedmanagement protocols. Objective To review the literature regarding the most common agents, the predisposing factors and the treatment alternatives for otic myiasis, a rare form of human myiasis caused by the infestation of fly larvae in the ear cavities. Data synthesis We present a systematic review of the literature. The search in five databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LILACS and RedALyC) led to 63 published cases from 24 countries, in the 5 continents. The ages of the patients ranged fromnewborn to 65 years old. Themost common agents belong to the Sarcophagidae or Calliphoridae families. Chronic otitis media, previous otic surgical procedures, mental deficit, alcohol or drug abuse, sleeping outdoors, prostration, and malnutrition were predisposing factors. The treatment alternatives are herein discussed. Conclusion The results highlight the need for monitoring, follow-up and standardization of medical approaches. (AU)

Genital myiasis associated with genital piercing. Case report

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Myiasis is caused by larval infestation that usually occurs in exposed wounds. Dermatobia hominis is the most common fly species responsible for this parasitic infection. Genital piercing is an ornamental practice used in certain social circles. At placement, it transverses the skin surface and, as such, may be related to complications. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 31-year-old man with a history of wound infection secondary to genital piercing who was exposed to an environment with flies, leading to myiasis. Mechanical removal and systemic antiparasitic drugs are possible treatments for myiasis. However, prevention that includes wound cleaning and dressing is the best way to avoid this disease. CONCLUSIONS: Genital piercing can lead to potential complications and myiasis may occur when skin lesions are not properly treated.

Serie parasitosis en dermatología. Miasis: diferentes formas de presentación clínica / Parasitic series in dermatology. Myiasis: different forms of clinical presentation

La miasis es una infestación por larvas en desarrollo de una gran variedad de moscas del orden Díptera. Según el sitio de invasión, se clasifica en miasis cavitarias, que pueden deberse a invasión de cavidades naturales o de heridas, y miasis forunculoide, cuando atraviesa piel indemne. Esta infestación presenta una distribución mundial, con variaciones estacionales en relación con la latitud geográfica y el ciclo de vida de distintas especies de moscas. Presentamos una serie de tres casos de pacientes con distintas formas clínicas de manifestación de miasis. (AU)

Myiasis is the tissue infestation by a variety of Diptera order larvae flies. According to the invasion site, they are classified in myiasis of cavities, which can be because of an invasion of natural cavities or wounds, and furuncular myiasis, when they invade through intact skin. This infestation has a worldwide distribution, with seasonal variations in relation to the geographic latitude and the life cycle of different species of flies. We present three cases of patients with different clinical forms of presentation of myiasis. (AU)

Oral myiasis: a case series of 11 patients treated at Khyber College of Dentistry Hospital, Peshawar

In order to determine the clinical presentation and management f 11 patients suffering from Oral myiasis a descriptive case series study was carried out at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, from June 2008 to December 2011. 11 patients of Oral Myiasis reported over a time period of 5 years. Thorough history was taken from each patient followed by complete clinical examination, relevant radiographs were advised where necessary. Surgical debridement was carried out followed by larvae removal with the help of maggot oil. Two patients were advised systemic therapy with Ivermectin. Mean age of the patient at the time of presentation was 39.72 years SD + 21.5. Majority of patients were males [64%]. Anterior maxilla was found to be the predominant site. Head and neck malignancies were found to be the most common cause of Myiasis. Thus Oral myiasis is a rare but serious condition, involving necrotic and suppurative wounds in patients with deranged systemic conditions. Treatment includes cleaning, debridement, removal of larvae and systemic therapy with Ivermectin

Miíase nasal secundária a carcinoma escamocelular: relato de caso / Nasal Myiasis Secondary to Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Case Report

Introdução: A infestação de larvas de dípteros, conhecida como miíase, é uma dermatose comum em países tropicais esubtropicais e tem como fator predisponente lesões malignas em pele. Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico de miíase nasal, secundária a um carcinoma escamocelular, diagnosticado no Serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial da Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública/Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Salvador, Bahia. Relato de caso: Paciente masculino, 49 anos, leucoderma, apresentou lesão ulcerativa com perda de substância cutânea e cartilaginosa em região de dorso e ápice nasal, além de exposição de cartilagem e ossos nasais. A lesão apresentava bordos necróticos, evertidos,endurecidos, avermelhados e possuía infestação de larvas de dípteros. Após o tratamento combinado de remoçãomecânica associada ao uso de ivermectina 12mg/dia, foi realizada uma biópsia incisional dos bordos granulomatosos da lesão que apresentou laudo histopatológico conclusivo para carcinoma escamocelular bem diferenciado. Conclusão: O tratamento proposto para erradicar as larvas mostrou-se eficaz no caso descrito, a realização de uma biópsia incisional para confirmação da suspeita de lesão maligna no momento da abordagem cirúrgica do paciente foi de extrema importância para se estabelecer um correto diagnóstico e encaminhamento do paciente

Miasis oral: reporte de un caso clínico / Oral myiasis: report of a clinical case

La miasis (del griego myia, mosca) es la infestación de tejido vivo o necrótico de humanos y otros vertebrados, por larvas de distintos géneros. La especie involucrada más común en nuestro país es la Dermatobia hominis, un díptero que se caracteriza por ser una mosca grande de 1,5 a 1,8 cm. de longitud, con el tórax negro-azulado, abdomen de contorno romboidal de color azul violáceo con reflejos metálicos, cabeza y patas amarillentas. Las formas adultas del parásito no se alimentan, viven pocos días y son zumbadoras; tienen sus órganos bucales atrofiados y por lo tanto son incapaces de morder y picar. De estas características se desprende que los adultos son de vida libre y sólo las larvas tienen la capacidad de provocar la enfermedad. Las larvas son parásitos obligados biontófagos, es decir, se alimentan de tejidos vivos, poseen un tamaño de 2.5 a 3 cm de largo y en su superficie presentan prolongaciones espinosas que le permiten adherirse a los tejidos. El ciclo biológico comienza cuando la hembra se adhiere a un huésped intermediaron, usualmente artrópodos hematófagos (mosquito), depositando sobre el abdomen de los mismos sus huevos, el mosquito al picar al hospedador (aves o mamíferos) los deja caer. Una hembra adulta puede depositar de 15 a 30 huevos por vez y entre 100 y 400 a lo largo de su vida. Los huevos una vez localizados sobre la piel sana, se transforman en larvas, las cuales tienen la capacidad de atravesar el tejido sano, pasar al tejido subcutáneo y migrar hacia otras regiones más profundas, labrando túneles o cavernas. Esta migración lleva un período de 10 días, período en el cual la larva evoluciona de estadío y la parasitosis se puede agravar al aparecer infecciones cutáneas secundarias. Cuando la larva adulta sale del hospedador, cae al suelo, se entierra a unos 5 o 6 cm de profundidad, transformándose en pupa o crisálida. Así puede permanecer entre 20 y 60 días, dependiendo de los factores climáticos, hasta emerger en su forma adulta.

Miasis en cavidad bucal / Oral cavity myiasis

Miasis deriva del griego myia: mosca. Son afecciones causadas por la presencia de larvas de moscas en los órganos y tejidos humanos o de otros animales, donde evolucionan como parásitos. Son atraídas por secreciones y olores, de positan sus huevos en el borde de las heridas, los orificios naturales y sobre la superficie cutánea con sangre coagulada y costras secas. Puede ser u na enfermedad benigna, leve o grave e incluso cursar en forma asintomática. La mortalidad es inferior al 10 por ciento y generalmente se asocia con lesiones cerebrales o de otras partes del sistema nervioso. El diagnóstico se basa en el examen clínico mediante la visualización de la larva. El objetivo de este artículo es describir un caso de miasis en la cavidad bucal y transmitir al odontólogo los conocimientos básicos de esta parasitosis.

Miasis bucal: revisión de la literatura y presentación de dos casos clínicos / Oral myiasis: a review of the literature and report of two clinical cases

La miasis bucal es una enfermedad tropical, producida por ectoparásitos que se encuentra en resurgimiento, de acuerdo a diversos reportes. Se manifiesta como tumores ulcerados dolorosos, principalmente de localización palatina. Debido a esto, es importante que el odontólogo tenga conocimiento de sus aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, diagnósticos, terapéuticos y preventivos, ya que en la cavidad bucal se pueden presentar manifestaciones de dicha patología. En este artíciulo se expondrán las manifestaciones clínicas de dos pacientes que estudiamos y tratamos en la Cátedra de Clínica Estomatológica de la Facultad de Odontología de Buenos Aires.

Clinical etiology of myiasis in ENT: a reterograde period - interval study / Etiologia clínica da miíase em otorrinolaringologia: um estudo retrospectivo

Myiasis in ENT, once a deadly disease still presents as a significant outdoor problem, though advances in management including supportive therapy has led to early healing with significant reduction in bed occupancy rate. AIMS: To assess the clinico etiology, relationship of myiasis to habit and habitat of patients and to assess the changes in age, seasonal, socioeconomic incidence, nasal bacterial flora and usefulness of certain commonly done tests with reference to a gap of 25 years. MATERIALS & METHODS: The presenting study was conducted on 80 patients selected over a period of two time intervals ; first 40 cases were chosen from 1979 to 1980 and next 40 over 2003 to 2004. Cases were studied in a retrograde manner and data tabulated. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Atrophic turbinates was the commonest pathological finding in nose in 30 percent of cases . Significant change seen was in the age group 51 and above with a rise of 30 percent. Mode during 2003-04 was 60 years. Incidence of palatal perforation dropped from 17.88 to 2.5 percent . Klebsiella emerged as a significant contributor to the nasal microbial flora. VDRL and split skin smear showed poor etiological association for the diseases.

Miíase em ORL não é mais uma doença fatal, mas ainda está presente como um significativo problema em ambientes externos. Entretanto, progressos alcançados no tratamento, incluindo terapêutica de suporte, têm levado à cura precoce com significativa redução na taxa de internação hospitalar por causa dessa enfermidade. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a etiologia clínica e as associações entre miíase e os hábitos e habitats dos pacientes; e avaliar diferenças no tocante à idade, estação do ano, incidência socioeconômica, flora bacteriana nasal e a utilidade de certos exames comumente feitos - um estudo retrospectivo de 25 anos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O presente estudo envolveu 80 pacientes selecionados em dois períodos; os primeiros 40 casos foram selecionados de 1979 a 1980, e os 40 seguintes foram coletados entre 2003 e 2004. Os casos foram estudados de forma retrospectiva e os dados foram analisados em tabelas. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Cornetos atróficos representaram o achado nasal patológico mais comum - em 30 por cento dos casos. Alterações significativas foram encontradas na faixa etária dos 51 anos e acima, com um aumento de 30 por cento nestes. A média etária entre 2003-04 foi de 60 anos. A incidência de perfuração palatina caiu de 17,88 por cento para 2,5 por cento. Klebsiella foi o germe mais significativamente presente na flora microbiana nasal. Os exames de VDRL e teste cutâneo mostraram pobre associação etiológica entre as doenças.

Sobre una afección poco frecuente en Cuba: la miasis / With regard to a not much frequent affection in Cuba: myasis

Introducción: la miasis es la infestación de los animales domésticos, salvajes y del hombre por las larvas de las moscas (dípteras) de diferentes especies, que durante un período de su desarrollo, se alimentan de tejidos vivos o muertos o del alimento ingerido por el huésped. Es una enfermedad de distribución mundial, principalmente en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales. Desarrollo: los agentes etiológicos más comunes en las miasis son las larvas de moscas de los géneros: Sarcophaga, Dermatobia, Oestrus, Gastrophilus, Cochliomyia, Lucila, Chrysomya y Musca entre otras. Los dípteros productores de miasis presentan varias formas en su ciclo biológico. La miasis se clasifica según las larvas que la producen, las localizaciones y formas clínicas en el hombre, y pueden ser producidas por larvas biontófagas o necrobiontófagas. Las primeras invaden tejidos vivos o cavidades naturales y son parásitos obligados; las segundas, colonizan lesiones preexistentes y son parásitos accidentales. Está asociada a diversos factores de riesgo, fundamentalmente relacionados con la higiene. Consideraciones finales: es una enfermedad transmitida por vectores (moscas), sus manifestaciones clínicas dependen de la localización y es una enfermedad prevenible.

Introduction myasis is a infestation of domestic, wilds animals and men caused by fly larvae (Diptera) of different species, that during a development period, lives on live and death tissues or from food ingested by host. It is a world scale disease, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. Development: more common etiological agents in Myasis include fly larvae of Sarcophaga, Dermatobia, Oestrus, Gastrophilus, Cochliomyia, Lucila, Chrysomya and Musca genres among others. Diptera producing Myasis include some shapes in its biological cycle. Myasis is classified by larvae produced by it, locations, and clinical presentation in men and may be produced by biontophagues or necrobiontophagues. First ones invade live tissues or the naturala cavities and are obligate parasites; the second ones, colonize preexisting injuries, and are accidental parasites. It is associated with some risk factors, mainly with hygiene. Final Considerations: it is a vector-transmitted disease (flies), its clinical manifestations depend on location and it is a preventable disease.

Miasis cavitaria: reporte de un caso / Miasis cavitaria: reporte de caso / Cavitary myiasis: case report

La miasis es una enfermedad producida en tejidos o en cavidades corporales por la infestación de larvas de algunas especies de dípteros; su clasificación se hace según el sitio anatómico de infestación o de acuerdo al ciclo vital de la especie. En Colombia, la mayoría de los casos reportados de miasis cavitaria son debidos a Cochiliomyia hominivorax. Se reporta el caso de una paciente desnutrida con perforación del septo nasal, a quien al realizarle endoscopia nasal se le extraen once larvas vivas que posteriormente se envían al Laboratorio de Entomología del Instituto Nacional de Salud, en donde después de 22 días se obtienen moscas adultas de la familia Calliphoridae, género Cochliomyia, especie hominivorax...

Myiasis is an animal or human disease caused by parasitic dipterous fly larvae feeding on the host's necrotic or living tissue. Different classifications of myiasis can be adopted: description of myiasis by the infected area of the host, or accordingly with the biology of the fly species causing the myiasis and its likely effect. In Colombia most of the reported cases of cavity miasis are caused by Cochiliomyia hominivorax. A malnourished female patient is described with perforations in the nasal septo. A nasal endoscopy was performed to this patient and eleven alive larvae extracted and sent to the Laboratory of Entomology at the National Institute of Health. There, the larvea were given the appropriate development conditions for 22 days to finally obtained adult flies, which were identified in the Calliphoridae family, the Cochiliomyia gender and the hominivorax species...

A Miasis é uma doença produzida nos tecidos ou cavidades corporais pela infestação de larvas de algumas espécies de dípteros, sua classificação se faz segundo o lugar anatômico da infestação ou por o ciclo vital da espécie. Na Colômbia, A maioria dos casos reportados de miasis cavitaria são devidos à Cochiliomyia hominivorax. Reporta-se o caso de uma paciente desnutrida com perfuração do septo nasal, a quém ao realizar-lhe endoscopia nasal de llhe extraem onze larvas vivas que posteriormente se enviam ao laboratório de Entolologia do Instituto Nacional de Saúde, em onde depois de 22 dias de obtêm moscas adultas da família Calliphoridae, gênero Cochlomyia, espécie hominivorax...

Miíase oral: etiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento / Oral Myiasis: etiology, diagnosis and treatment

A miíase oral é uma doença causada pela infestação dos tecidos por larvas de moscas. As manifestações clínicas da doença não são específicas e variam de acordo com a região do corpo envolvida. O tratamento consiste na remoção mecânica das larvas, sendo recomendado o uso sistêmico de ivermectina. Este artigo traz uma revisão da literatura a respeito desta doença, enfatizando aspectos relativos à etiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento da miíase oral.

Oral myiasis is a disease caused by the invasion of tissues by larvae of flies. Clinical manifestations of myiasis are not specific and vary according to the involved area of the body. The treatment is the mechanical removal of the maggots and recommendation of the use of systemic ivermectin. This paper makes a review of the literature, emphasizing etiological aspects, diagnosis and treatment of oral myiasis.

Miíases humanas / Human myiasis

Condição mórbida causada por ectoparasitos - larvas de vetores dípteros. Podem ser classificados, de acordo com a natureza do agente etiológico, em específicas, semi-específicas e acidentes ou, ainda, em miíase cutânea ou cavitária. O diagnóstico é estabelecido em bases clínicas. O tratamento consiste na remoção mecânica de cada uma das larvas ou no oclusão do óstio de entrada da lesão, a fim de sufocar o parasito. O artigo objetiva a revisão de aspectos relevantes, correlacionados com a parasitose

Geoprocessamento aplicado à observação da sazonalidade das larvas da mosca Dermatobia hominis no município de Seropédica - RJ / Geoprocessing applied to the seasonality of Dermatobia hominis larvae in the municipality of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro

Associações espaço-temporais entre os fatores envolvidos na distribuição sazonal das larvas da mosca do berne - Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus Jr., 1781) (Diptera: Cuterebridae) - em bovinos foram analisadas por geoprocessamento, utilizando-se o sistema de análise geoambiental da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, no município de Seropédica, RJ. Na primavera, 50 por cento da área do município foi muito favorável ao desenvolvimento dessa miíase. Esse grau de favorabilidade reduziu-se para 35 por cento, 23 por cento e 12 por cento no verão, outono e inverno, respectivamente

Space-temporal associations between factors involved in the seasonal distribution of Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus Jr., 1781) (Diptera: Cuterebridae) fly larvae in cattle were analyzed by geoprocessing using the geo-environment system of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, in the municipality of Seropédica, RJ. In the spring, 50 percent of the area was favorable, reducing its extension to 35 percent in the summer, to 23 percent in the fall and to 12 percent in the winter

Aural myiasis caused by lucilia a case report from Al-Moassat university hospital in Damascus, Syria

Myiasis is the infestation of the organs or tissues of host animals or humans by the larval stages of dipterous flies. The fly larvae feed direct on the host's necrotic or living tissue. The hosts are usually mammals. Myiasis is often classified according to the anatomical position in or on the mammals that the larvae infest. It may be described as dermal, sub-dermal or cutaneous, nasopharyngeal, ocular, intestinal/enteric or urinogenital. We can distinguish three types of myiasis: accidental, facultative, and obligate. We report the case of a 58-year-old Syrian male who was hospitalized at Al Moassat University Hospital with the complaint of worm-shaped organisms on a tumor on his left external ear. The organisms were diagnosed as myiasis larvas of Lucilia [green blow; family: Calliphoridae]

Miasis entérica por Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) en una paciente geriátrica de Costa Rica / Enteric myiasis by Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in a geriatric patient of Costa Rica

Se reporta un caso de miasis entérica por Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) en una paciente femenina de 71 años de edad. La paciente presentó antecedentes de cardiopatía isquémica e hipertensión. También sufrió de colelitiasis y diverticulitis con una alta eosinofilia y recientemente se le diagnosticó un proceso carcinomatoso abdominal. Los niveles de eosinófilos estuvieron entre el 9 y el 31 por ciento en diferentes análisis. Considerando la presencia de huevos de Ascaris lumbricoides en una muestra fecal, fue tratada con mebendazole; luego del tratamiento la paciente defecó dos larvas, cuya morfología es compatible con H. illucens. El presente trabajo constituye el primer informe de una miasis entérica por H. illucens en Costa Rica.

We report a case of enteric myiasis by Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in a 71 year old woman. The patient showed history of ischemic hearth disease and hypertension. She also suffered colelitiasis and diverticulitis with high eosinophilia and recently there was diagnosed an abdominal carcinomatosis process. The eosinophil levels were between 9 to 31% in different analysis. Considering the presence of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs in a fecal sample, she was treated with mebendazole. After the treatment, two larvae compatible with H. illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) were defecated. This is the first report of an enteric myiasis by H. illucens in Costa Rica.

Infestación de Smittium culisetae (trichomycetes) en larvas de mosquitos (diptera: culicidae) en el Valle Central de Costa Rica / Infestacion of Smittium culisetae (trichomycetes) in larvae of mosquitos (diptera: culicidae) in the Central Valley of Costa Rica

Los trichomycetes incluyen un interesante grupo de hongos filamentosos de distribución cosmopólita que se han adaptado a vivir como comensales obligados en el intestino de diversos grupos de artrópodos. Al menos una especie de Smittium es patogénica para los mosquitos que infecta. Esta investigación se realizó con el propósito de establecer que tan amplia es la infestación de Smittium culisetae en larvas de mosquito colectados en el Valle Central de costa Rica entre 1998 y el 2001. Se empleó técnicas entomológicas usuales para la colecta de los insectos, su cría con fines de identificación taxonómica y larvas de 3er. y 4o estadío se disecaron para exponer y estudiar el contenido del tracto digestivo. Se encontró un porcentaje de infestación de 25.8 por ciento, un valor semejante a lo informado por otros autores en otras regiones. No se encontró parásitos de otro tipo en los especímenes colectados.

Trichomycetes constitute a cosmopolitan group of filamentous fungi which are obligate symbionts in the digestive tracts of arthropods. Although this relationship in most species is apparently of a commensalistic nature, at least one species of Smittium has been reported as pathogenic. This study was conducted to determine the level of infestation of S. culisetae in mosquito larvae in the central region of Costa Rica, and to detect other parasites of this medically important group of insects during 1998-2001. Larvae were reared using standard entomological techniques to obtain adults for taxonomic identification; third and fourth stage larvae were dissected to reveal gut contents. A total of 27 mosquito species were collected. The infestation rate in 670 larvae examined was 25.8% which is similar to findings in other areas. Infested larvae did not show any pathological symptoms nor were other parasites of mosquitoes found.